Pacey Performance Podcast

What recruitment specialists really look for when hiring performance and medical roles with Dave Clancy

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob interviews David Clancy, who shares insights into the recruitment landscape within high-performance sports. David discusses his background in sports medicine and physiotherapy, his role at Next Level Group, and the intricacies of building relationships in recruitment. He elaborates on the recruitment process, the importance of understanding client needs, and the significance of ongoing support for placed candidates. The conversation also touches on the evolving expectations around education in the field and how candidates can stand out in a competitive job market.

In this conversation, David Clancy discusses the importance of defining one's unique proposition in career development, the value of accreditations, essential character traits for success in high-pressure environments, the role of references in recruitment, and the evolving landscape of salary expectations in performance roles. Clancy emphasizes the need for professionals to articulate their unique contributions and to be aware of industry standards regarding qualifications and compensation.

Main talking points:

• The recruitment landscape in high-performance sports is competitive and relationship-driven.
• The recruitment process involves co-creating job specifications with clients.
• Post-placement support is important for ensuring candidate success.
• Standing out in a competitive job market requires more than just education. Understanding your unique proposition is crucial for career advancement.
• Accreditations are essential, especially early in your career.
• Professionals should actively seek to understand their market value.

Debunking common misconceptions around training and testing the foot and ankle with Romain Tourillon

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob speaks to Romain Tourillon who discusses the misconceptions around general understanding, testing and training of the foot and ankle sports performance and rehabilitation.

Romain shares insights from his PhD research, emphasizing the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, the significance of holistic evaluation methods, and the need for dynamic training protocols. He highlights that although isometric training has a big place in the training of the foot and ankle, its not the only tool in the toolbox.

He dives into the different testing protocols which target the various different areas of the foot based on its function. Romain goes into detail on soleus, tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior testing, citing his work with the Royal Ballet as an example of how these protocols can improve an organisations testing battery.

Main talking points:

• Intrinsic muscles are often overemphasized in training

• Extrinsic muscles play a larger role in force production

• Dynamic contractions, not just isometrics are necessary for building calf strength

• Isometric training alone is insufficient for optimal performance

• The foot and ankle are frequently underloaded in training regimens

• How to assess the soleus, tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

Training American football quarterbacks in the NFL with Josh Nelson

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob interviews Josh Nelson, the Director of Performance Science for the Atlanta Falcons. Josh shares his journey from a coaching family to his current role, discussing the key qualities he prioritizes when training quarterbacks. He delves into the differences between in-season and off-season training, the importance of upper body strength, and how he assesses movement quality. The importance of a multifaceted testing regime is highlighted, with reference to implementing training strategies guided by testing data. Josh also talks about managing backup quarterbacks, innovations in training such as blood flow restriction (BFR), and the significance of transferring training to the field.

• Quarterbacks should be treated as athletes rather than just specialists.
• In-season training focuses on maintaining practice availability and reducing injury risk.
• Isometrics play a crucial role in strength training for quarterbacks.
• Movement quality assessment is vital for quarterback performance.
• Backup quarterbacks need tailored training to prepare for unexpected opportunities.
• BFR has been a game changer in training efficiency and recovery.
• Creating benchmarks for performance metrics is essential for quarterback development.
• Transfer of training to on-field performance is a key focus.

Adopting an adaptations-led approach to programming strength and power training with Alex Wolf

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob speaks to Alex Wolf who delves into the adaptation-led approach to strength training, contrasting it with traditional methods. Alex shares his extensive background in strength conditioning and discusses the importance of defining outcomes before selecting training methods. He emphasizes the need for specificity in training and provides examples of how to effectively target adaptations. The discussion also highlights the challenges and misconceptions surrounding traditional strength training practices, advocating for a shift in perspective towards outcome-driven training methodologies. In this conversation, Alex discusses the importance of shifting from traditional exercise advocacy to an outcome-led approach in strength and conditioning. He emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of physiological principles and the importance of clear objectives in training. The discussion also covers the training intention framework, the balance between technical skills and needs analysis, and the necessity of understanding muscle architecture for effective coaching.

Main talking points:
• Adaptation-led approach focuses on outcomes rather than just exercise
• Specificity in training is crucial for effective performance enhancement
• Understanding the intended outcome is essential before selecting training methods
• Unexplained performance improvements are not sustainable or reliable
• Machine-based training can be more effective than traditional barbell exercises in some scenarios
• Understanding the physiology behind exercise selection is essential

Shaping and structuring energy system development during pre-season and in-season with Pete Burridge

In this episode of the Pace Performance Podcast, Rob speaks to Pete Burridge who delves into the complexities of energy system development in rugby, exploring how it intertwines with tactical and technical execution under physical and mental strain. They discuss the importance of energy system development tailored to the game model, the role of testing in performance, and the strategies employed during pre-season conditioning.

Pete shares insights from his experiences at various rugby clubs, emphasizing the need for effective communication between coaches and performance staff to optimize player readiness and performance. In this conversation, Pete discusses various aspects of training methodologies, focusing on progressive overload, heart rate monitoring, and the psychological impacts of training on athletes. He shares insights on the importance of volume in training, the use of heart rate as a performance metric, and the challenges of maintaining athlete engagement.

Additionally, he expresses skepticism about Zone 2 training in team sports and explores innovative ways to gamify training sessions to enhance motivation and performance. The conversation culminates in a discussion about high-intensity training protocols and their necessity for athlete development.

Main talking points:

• A high-low training format allows for optimal recovery and intensity management

• Energy system development should align with the team's game model and coaching strategies

• Off-feet conditioning is crucial for managing player fatigue and ensuring readiness

• Gradual integration of new players into conditioning is essential for their adaptation

• Volume is a key driver for central adaptations like cardiac output

• Training monotony can be mitigated with engaging strategies

• Zone 2 training has limited applicability in team sports

• Gamifying training can enhance athlete engagement and performance

How knowledge of growth and maturation is helping the Brentford Academy develop Premier League players

This conversation delves into the critical aspects of growth and maturation in youth football with staff from the Brentford FC academy and industry experts, focusing on biological maturation, assessment methods, injury prevention, and talent identification. Our guests discuss their experiences and insights on how to effectively monitor and support young footballers through their developmental stages, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and education. This conversation delves into the innovative practices at Brentford FC regarding youth player development, focusing on bio-banding, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the holistic approach to nurturing young athletes. The panel discusses the importance of understanding growth and maturation, the challenges faced during player trials, and the significance of creating a supportive environment that prioritizes player experiences and well-being. They emphasize the need for tailored training loads and the integration of various developmental strategies to optimize performance and reduce injury risks.

Main talking points:

• Genetics play a significant role in determining maturity

• Regular assessments are crucial for understanding growth patterns

• Strength training can positively impact bone density in young athletes

• Talent identification should consider biological age and maturity

• Bio-banding allows for tailored training based on physical maturity

Screening and injury risk reduction in the UFC with Tim Roberts

In this episode of the Pace Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Tim Roberts, the sports medicine manager at the UFC Performance Institute in Mexico City, shares his extensive background in sports physiotherapy and the importance of multi-sport experience in developing as a clinician. He discusses the significance of strength profiling in MMA, the tiered diagnostic approach used at the UFCPI, and the technology and tools employed for athlete assessment. Tim emphasizes the need for tailored injury prevention programs that cater to the diverse backgrounds of athletes at the institute. In this conversation, Tim discusses the intricacies of performance analysis, injury prevention, and rehabilitation strategies in MMA. He emphasizes the importance of normalizing data for accurate performance insights, creating a culture of injury prevention among fighters, and the challenges faced in managing their rehabilitation. Tim shares insights on how to effectively communicate with athletes, the significance of maintaining their fighter spirit, and the structured approach to return-to-play progressions. He highlights the need for a balance between athlete safety and performance demands, ultimately fostering a supportive environment for fighters.

Main talking points:

• Tiered diagnostics to help immediate programming and prevention

• Brain health assessments

• Finding a balance between care and toughness for fighter mentality

• Maintaining athlete involvement during recovery

• Building trust and connection with fighters

• Leveraging technology for athlete assessment

Beyond the six-month mark: Rethinking ACL injury risk, rehab, and return to play with Tim McGrath

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Tim McGrath discusses the complexities of ACL injuries, emphasizing the importance of blending art and science in rehabilitation. He shares insights on assessing athletes' risk factors, the significance of biomechanical evaluations, and the necessity of effective communication in sports settings. Tim also highlights the role of biases in training and assessment, advocating for a structured approach to skill acquisition and injury prevention. In this conversation, Tim discusses the common mistakes made in ACL rehabilitation, emphasizing the importance of understanding both biological and functional components. He highlights the significance of objective assessments in the later stages of rehabilitation and challenges the traditional six-month return timeline, advocating for a more individualized approach based on the athlete's readiness rather than a strict timeline.

Main talking points:

• ACL injuries require a blend of art and science in rehab

• Biomechanical assessments are crucial for identifying risk factors

• Rehabilitation must address both physical and cognitive aspects

• Common mistakes in ACL rehab include ignoring structural issues

• The ‘six-month return’ timeline for ACL injuries

The Beast Factory Framework: Applications for RTP and healthy athletes with Kyle Sammons

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Kyle Sammons shares his journey from being a college athlete to becoming a sports science coordinator with the Arizona Cardinals. He discusses his experiences in sports technology and how they shaped his approach to athlete rehabilitation and performance enhancement. Central to the conversation is the Beast Factory Framework, a methodology developed to aid in the recovery of injured athletes, emphasizing a neuro-mechanical approach to training. Kyle explains the importance of single joint training and how it contrasts with traditional multi-joint exercises, providing insights into the physiological benefits and the rationale behind this innovative approach.

In this conversation, Kyle discusses the intricacies of tissue mechanics, the importance of both single and multi-joint training, and the evolving role of rehabilitation in sports. He emphasizes the need for a collaborative approach between strength coaches and medical professionals to enhance athlete recovery and performance. The discussion also covers the evolution of sports science, mechanisms of Achilles injuries, and the significance of benchmarking recovery and performance metrics. Kyle shares insights from his experiences and highlights the importance of understanding movement and injury mechanisms in optimizing athletic performance.

Main talking points:

• Single joint training can be more effective than traditional multi-joint training

• Biomechanics should be simplified to understand movement better

• The Beast Factory Framework

• The neuro-mechanical framework focuses on tissue-level training

• The importance of internal load versus external load in training

Testing, training and coaching multidirectional speed in basketball with Chris Chase

In this conversation, Chris Chase, Director of Performance at the Memphis Grizzlies, discusses the significance of deceleration in athletic performance, particularly in basketball. He emphasizes the need for strength coaches to adapt to technological advancements and the importance of understanding multi-directional speed. The conversation also touches on the evolution of training methods and the necessity of effective testing for deceleration and acceleration.

In this conversation, Chris Chase discusses innovative measurement techniques in sports training, focusing on the use of technology like VueMotion and force plates. He emphasizes the importance of understanding both kinematics and kinetics in athlete training, particularly in basketball. The discussion also covers the evolving landscape of force measurement technology and the potential for new tools to replace traditional methods.

Additionally, Chase shares insights on deceleration training, highlighting the need for progressive overload and the role of functional training, including the use of machines, in athlete development.

Main talking points:

• Acceleration elements should not be overlooked in training
• ADA testing provides valuable insights into deceleration capabilities
• Kinetics and kinematics are essential for understanding athlete performance
• Deceleration training requires progressive overload to be effective
• Functional training can include machines for targeted muscle development
• Understanding impulse manipulation is key to improving performance

Getting more aggressive with hamstring injury rehab with Luke Sewell

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Luke Sewell discusses his aggressive yet structured approach to hamstring injury rehabilitation, emphasizing early loading, objective monitoring, and collaboration, that can accelerate recovery and minimize reinjury risk while maintaining player confidence and performance. His approach emphasizes a collaborative, aggressive rehabilitation strategy developed over several years, aiming to accelerate recovery while minimizing reinjury risk.

A key component of this approach is early loading, neuromuscular control, and gradual exposure to high-speed movements. Understanding injury severity is crucial, as less severe tendon injuries can be treated more aggressively, whereas complete avulsions require surgery and a conservative approach. Progression is guided by clear rehabilitation goals, objective markers, and emotional support to ensure player confidence.

Luke highlights the importance of using maximal aerobic speed and match output data to tailor rehab intensity, progressing players through sprint work, change of direction drills, and controlled overload. The approach prioritizes communication between medical staff, coaches, and athletes to align rehab strategies with team performance needs.

Strength-building activities, monitored performance markers, and training logs ensure players safely return to full match fitness. The podcast emphasizes that aggressive rehab doesn’t mean reckless; it means structured, progressive, and well-communicated rehabilitation that gets players back faster and stronger.

Key Points:

• Early loading and neuromuscular control are essential.
• Injury severity determines aggressive vs. conservative rehab approaches.
• Maximal aerobic speed guides sprint progressions.
• Match output data tailors individualized rehab programs.
• Communication between staff and players ensures rehab alignment.
• Progressive overload is key but must be monitored carefully.
• Players must meet specific speed and volume targets before return.

Reflexive eccentrics: Adaptations, programming and cueing with Anthony Donskov

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob speaks to Anthony Donskov about reflexive eccentrics. Reflexive eccentric training is gaining recognition for its role in improving athletic performance and reducing injury risk. In this episode, Anthony  breaks down the principles, programming, and practical applications of this training method, emphasizing the importance of stiffness, speed, and strategic progressions in athlete development.

Anthony discusses how reflexive eccentrics involve rapid eccentric contractions that enhance force absorption and control. This method is especially relevant for high-level athletes, as it trains deceleration, stability, and explosive reacceleration—all key for sports like hockey. He highlights the importance of clear external cues, such as “grabbing the floor” or “being stiff,” to help athletes optimize landing mechanics and movement efficiency.

The conversation also covers programming considerations, including off-season vs. in-season adaptations, how to balance heavy lifting with reflexive movements, and reducing muscle soreness while maximizing explosiveness. Anthony outlines a three-day cycle of training that incorporates heavy lifts, submaximal speed work, and strategic plyometrics. He stresses the need for individualized assessments, using player cards and radar graphs to track progress and adjust training accordingly.

Despite the challenges in measuring reflexive eccentric adaptations, improvements in jump height, net impulse, and rate of force development suggest their effectiveness. He concludes by emphasizing the importance of structured strength, recovery, and flexibility in athlete programming, advocating for tissue remodeling and long-duration isometrics to reduce stiffness and chronic injury risk.

This episode is packed with practical insights for coaches and practitioners looking to integrate reflexive eccentrics into their performance programs.

Main talking points:

• Reflexive eccentrics enhance speed, stiffness, and reacceleration
• Rapid eccentric contractions improve force absorption and control
• Training should be tailored to athlete experience levels
• Clear external cues optimize movement efficiency and stiffness
• Off-season training should focus on stiffness and strength
• A three-day cycle balances heavy lifts and speed work
• Reflexive eccentrics reduce muscle soreness and improve explosiveness
• Tissue remodeling and isometrics help prevent chronic injuries

Tendon training for sports performance and injury risk reduction with Jake Tuura

On this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Jake Tuura shares his journey into tendon training after personal struggles with jumper’s knee. He highlights the critical role tendons play in sports performance, acting as energy-storing structures that absorb and release force during high-intensity movements. Proper tendon stiffness minimizes excessive strain, reducing the risk of tendon injuries such as tendinopathy and ruptures.

Jake explains that developing tendon stiffness takes time and is best achieved through long-term heavy lifting and isometric exercises rather than relying solely on plyometrics. Research indicates that short-duration heavy isometric contractions stimulate collagen production and improve tendon resilience, whereas plyometrics alone may not provide sufficient loading for tendon adaptation. Effective training should apply 4-20% strain to optimize tendon health while maintaining overall strength and conditioning.

Jake spends time on explaining that early engagement in diverse physical activities (ages 0-17) helps build robust tendons, while poor training practices and high blood sugar levels can negatively affect tendon stiffness. Both male and female athletes should follow structured tendon training approaches, as biological differences do not necessitate separate programs.

After being asked about the Achilles rupture epidemic in NFL, Jake explains that proper offseason conditioning and tendon monitoring are crucial. Regular assessments, high-load training, and structured progressions can prevent degenerative issues, helping athletes maintain high performance while minimizing injury risks.

Main talking points:

• Tendon stiffness is crucial for sports performance
• Proper tendon training helps prevent injuries
• Heavy lifting and isometrics improve tendon stiffness
• Plyometrics alone are insufficient for tendon adaptation
• Short-duration heavy isometrics enhance tendon resilience
• Early physical activity builds strong tendons
• Achilles injuries are increasing in professional sports
• Offseason conditioning is critical for tendon health
• Regular assessments help prevent tendon degeneration

Lessons learnt from transitioning across sports, levels and job roles with Steph Mock Grubbs and Ryan Grubbs

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Steph Mock Grubbs and Ryan Grubbs discuss their experiences transitioning across different sports, levels, and job roles within elite performance environments. Their journey from college athletics to professional sports highlights the evolution of roles in strength & conditioning, rehab, and sports science.

Steph, now with the Houston Astros, and Ryan, working with the Houston Texans, explain how reconditioning bridges the gap between rehab and performance training, ensuring athletes return to play at optimal levels. They emphasize the importance of adapting training methodologies, particularly in baseball, where athlete workload and season length pose unique challenges.

A key theme of their discussion is the shift from being generalists to specialists, requiring continuous upskilling in rehab, load management, and performance programming. The integration of strength, rehab, and reconditioning teams in professional sports enables collaboration and efficiency in managing injury risk and athlete development.

The episode also covers balancing athlete health with team needs, using objective performance data to inform return-to-play decisions, and navigating career transitions in elite sport. They stress the importance of mentorship, research, and relationship-building in making successful career moves.

Finally, they discuss challenges in balancing professional careers with personal relationships, emphasizing adaptability, teamwork, and continuous learning in both career growth and life. Their insights provide valuable lessons for practitioners looking to evolve within high-performance environments while maintaining long-term career sustainability.

Main talking points:

• Reconditioning bridges rehab and performance training.
• Transitioning from college to pro sports requires adaptation.
• Balancing athlete health with team performance needs.
• Eccentric training is key in injury prevention.
• Collaboration between strength, rehab, and reconditioning teams.
• Athlete workload management is crucial in long seasons.
• Individualized return-to-play plans improve performance outcomes.
• Generalist to specialist career shifts require upskilling.
• Mentorship and networking help career transitions.
• Objective performance data informs return-to-play decisions.
• Professional careers impact personal relationships significantly.
• Continuous learning and adaptability drive career growth.

Diving deep into a National Championship winning programme with Molly Binetti

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Molly Binetti, Director of Women’s Basketball Performance at the University of South Carolina, discusses the transformation of the women’s basketball program under Coach Dawn Staley. With two national championships and record-breaking attendance, the program exemplifies success through holistic athlete development, individualized training, and strong relationships.

Molly emphasizes the importance of blending skill development with athleticism, focusing on movement quality and creating engaging training environments. By fostering autonomy and incorporating athlete feedback, the program builds trust and enhances player engagement. Individualized training allows athletes to choose exercises that suit their preferences while targeting specific performance outcomes.

Prioritizing athlete health has been crucial to the program’s success, with a player availability rate exceeding 98% over seven years. Flexibility in training and open communication among staff ensures that recovery and performance are balanced without overtraining. Informal assessments, including sprint testing and jump evaluations, are used to tailor programs and address individual needs.

Molly highlights the value of variation in training to prepare athletes for the unpredictability of competition. Machines like the leg press are used to strengthen lower bodies safely while preserving skill development. Distinct positional needs, such as conditioning for guards and strength for post players, are addressed to optimize on-court performance.

By combining holistic athlete development, data-driven insights, and a collaborative approach, South Carolina’s program continues to set a benchmark for excellence in women’s basketball.

Main talking points:

• Holistic development for athlete performance and growth
• Blending skill development with athleticism
• Athlete autonomy through feedback and engagement
• Informal assessments to tailor individual training programs
• Variation in training for adaptability and resilience
• Using adaptation as the driver for exercise selection
• Positional needs for guards and post players
• Movement quality over just strength and power
• Setting benchmarks for excellence in women’s basketball programs

How to reduce hamstring injury risk with Matthew Bourne, Nick Court and Johan Lahti

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Nick Court, Johan Lahti, and Matthew Bourne discuss strategies for reducing hamstring injury risk in elite football players, emphasizing the importance of individualized training, eccentric conditioning, and movement mechanics.

Despite advancements, hamstring injuries remain prevalent due to the increasing demands of high-speed running and eccentric contractions in sports. Eccentric training, particularly the Nordic hamstring exercise, has proven effective but remains underutilized due to compliance challenges and limited preseason time. Incorporating exercises like single-leg RDLs, hip extensions, and inertial training can further strengthen hamstrings and reduce injury risk.

Proper sprint mechanics and balanced strength between the iliopsoas and hamstrings are critical. Faulty mechanics, such as excessive backward thigh movement, can increase strain on the hamstrings. A multifactorial approach, combining practical assessments, running kinematics, and targeted exercises, is essential for addressing individual risk factors and improving movement efficiency.

Injury prevention also requires tailoring rehabilitation to each athlete’s needs, using tools like handheld dynamometers and pulley systems to assess hamstring strength and endurance. Movement constraints, joint torque, and muscle-tendon junction adaptations should be considered in rehabilitation plans. Training programs must balance high-speed running exposure, eccentric conditioning, and varied running techniques to enhance stiffness and reduce fatigue-related risks.

The podcast concludes that effective hamstring injury prevention relies on individualized strategies, incorporating both scientific evidence and practical tools, to address the unique demands and risks faced by elite athletes. These approaches ensure improved performance and reduced recurrence rates.

Main talking points:

• Integrate eccentric conditioning
• Tailor injury prevention to individual athlete needs
• Focus on proper sprint mechanics to reduce strain
• Strengthen iliopsoas and hamstring balance for stability
• Use single-leg RDLs and hip extensions for strength
• Assess running mechanics to identify risk factors
• Incorporate varied running techniques to enhance movement
• Monitor high-speed running exposure in training programs
• Improve stiffness and control during fatigued states
• Use tools like dynamometers to assess hamstring strength
• Develop structured rehab plans with clear progression
• Address movement efficiency and biomechanics in prevention.

 

Testing and training deceleration and change of direction qualities with Charlie Faulkner

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Charlie Faulkner discusses the critical importance of deceleration and change of direction (COD) in sports performance, emphasizing tailored training approaches and practical experience. Charlie highlights his journey in coaching, where understanding the demands of each game and the specific movement qualities required has been central to his philosophy.

Deceleration and COD are essential biomotor qualities that influence high-intensity actions in sports like football and tennis. Effective COD relies on mechanics such as a strong penultimate step and ankle elasticity. Charlie explains how profiling athletes through tools like the modified 505 test, opto jump, and Sprint 1080 provides valuable insights into their movement capabilities and limitations.

Video analysis and scoring systems, such as the CMAS scoring system, are used to assess movement mechanics and identify potential injury risks. Charlie emphasizes the importance of evaluating asymmetries, knee abduction moments, and early braking to better understand and address performance issues.

Training strategies should focus on targeted muscle adaptations and movement mechanics, using drills that replicate match conditions. Strengthening specific muscles, like the vastus lateralis and calf, and employing exercises such as kettlebell swings and targeted hopping drills can improve deceleration and COD efficiency.

Charlie advocates for individualized programs that consider the demands of each sport and athlete. High-force training, reactive hops, and tailored rehab strategies are vital for enhancing performance while preventing injuries. His approach underscores the value of continuous assessment and reflection to refine training outcomes.

Main talking points:

• How to assess deceleration
• Using video analysis to evaluate movement mechanics
• Addressing asymmetries in athlete movement profiles
• Training the penultimate step for better braking efficiency
• Incorporating reactive drills to improve COD efficiency
• Monitor knee abduction moments to prevent injuries

Optimising eccentric focused training to run faster and jump higher with Angus Ross

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is joined by Angus Ross who explores the significance of eccentric training in sports performance and injury prevention, offering insights into its application and benefits. With a background in speed and power sports, Angus shares his journey from an athlete and physiologist to an elite strength coach, emphasizing the importance of hard work and innovative methods in training.

Eccentric training, which combines high velocity and force, is highlighted as a critical tool for athletic development. Angus discusses its unique ability to promote muscle fiber adaptations, specifically a shift towards type 2b fibers, which enhance power and speed. However, he cautions that improper management of eccentric training can lead to muscle damage and hinder performance, stressing the need for carefully structured regimens.

Innovative devices like flywheel systems are increasingly used to facilitate controlled eccentric loading, particularly in sports requiring speed and explosive power. Angus advocates for tailored approaches to eccentric training, recognizing individual differences in athlete needs, strengths, and recovery capacities. He also highlights the importance of avoiding over-reliance on advanced techniques with younger athletes, instead focusing on foundational strength and technique.

Angus emphasizes that eccentric training is not a standalone solution but an integral part of a holistic approach to athletic development. By balancing eccentric work with other modalities and carefully managing load during competition periods, coaches can optimize performance while minimizing injury risks. Angus encourages critical thinking in training methodologies and fostering discussions for mutual growth and learning.

Key talking points:

• How to integrate eccentric training to enhance power and speed.
• Tailor eccentric regimens to individual athlete needs.
• Using flywheel systems for controlled eccentric loading.
• Managing eccentric load to prevent muscle damage.
• Balancing eccentric work with other training modalities.
• Incorporating high-velocity, high-force exercises for adaptation.
• How to address athlete recovery during competition periods.
• Optimize power-to-weight ratio in acceleration training.
• Include rotational movements for team sport athletes.

Enhance athlete performance profiling through MRI with Bryan Heiderscheit, Fearghal Kerin & Emidio Pacecca

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Bryan Heiderscheit, Fearghal Kerin and Emidio Pacecca. The topic of this conversation is all around MRI and its use in athlete performance profiling. MRI scans are usually thought of an expensive tool that is used when an athlete gets injured. But in this episode we break down those barriers and disciver how they can be used, through technology like Springbok Analytics, in other ways to improve performance and mitigate injury risk with healthy athletes.

First we discuss MRI and what it actually is. Bryan gives us some great examples of where it can be used and why. Fearghal and Emidio then give us some amazing insights from the world of elite sport on how MRI scans are actually being used. But most importantly, they give us the real key information which is what we do with the information once we have it.

If you're trying to reduce injury risk and optimise performance, check out this episode.

Implementing isometric training for performance and rehab with Alex Natera, Danny Lum & Matt Taberner

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Alex Natera, Danny Lum, and Matt Taberner to discuss the role of isometric training in sports performance and rehabilitation, focusing on its ability to enhance strength, recovery, and dynamic performance.

Isometric training is increasingly recognized for its utility in sports, especially given the challenge of maintaining effective strength training amidst intense competition schedules. It is effective for improving muscle stiffness, tendon adaptation, and managing recovery, making it essential for injury prevention and rehabilitation. The guests emphasize that isometric training, when paired with plyometric exercises, enhances both muscle and tendon resilience, supporting performance in high-intensity sports.

The speakers advocate for using isometric exercises throughout rehabilitation, adjusting the approach to address specific joint weaknesses, and tailoring it to each athlete’s unique needs. For instance, using force evaluations for joints like the ankle, knee, and hip allows practitioners to target weak points effectively. 

Data integrity is crucial for isometric assessments, and techniques like pre-tensioning and accurate joint positioning help ensure reliable results. Tools such as iso straps, strain gauges, and handheld dynamometers facilitate precise assessments, helping coaches to optimize training and monitor fatigue.

Alex, Danny and Matt conclude that isometric training, when thoughtfully applied, is a powerful tool for boosting athletic performance, preventing injuries, and enhancing rehabilitation, providing coaches with versatile methods to address the needs of individual athletes effectively.

Utilising normative data effectively across different technologies with Luke Fitzpatrick

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Luke Fitzpatrick, Head of Data Science at VALD, discusses the role of data science in sports technology and the importance of data quality and security. He explains the process of generating normative data and how clients can get the most out of their data. Luke also shares interesting insights, such as the age at which adolescents experience the largest strength development and the average strength of NFL players compared to the general population. The data science team at VALD is focused on expanding their product suite and providing more valuable insights to clients.

This episode is different to any that we have done over the last 10 years.

New talking points:

• The role of a data scientist at Vald
• Data quality and security
• Accessing VALD testing data
• Managing huge amounts of data
• Visualizing normative data
• Making the most of your data

Injury prevention: Integrating “best practice” to reduce hamstring injuries with Nick van der Horst

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Rehabilitation Coordinator at PSV Eindhoven, Nick van der Horst. Nick shares his journey from aspiring footballer to sports physiotherapist, where he now focuses on rehabilitation at PSV Eindhoven. 

Nick advocates for preseason screenings that assess isometric strength, mobility, and contralateral limb function to identify individual risks. He also highlights the importance of iliopsoas mobility for hamstring flexibility and sprint performance. Tailored training strategies and post-game eccentric exercises also play a key role in preventing injuries.

Nick emphasizes individualized approaches in both prevention and rehabilitation. Mini-dosing and eccentric training in fatigued states, along with structured recovery phases, help build resilience and reduce injury risk. He also stresses the importance of avoiding ineffective methods like cupping and dry needling in favor of mobility and flexibility work for better energy transfer during athletic performance.

Nick stresses that personalized strategies, including eccentric exercises and load management, alongside strong communication with players, are key to reducing hamstring injuries in athletes.

Main talking points:

• Eccentric strength training crucial for injury prevention
• Personalize load management to each athlete's needs
• Conduct preseason screenings for hamstring injury risks
• Focus on iliopsoas mobility for sprint performance
• Tailor training strategies to individual player profiles
• Use post-game eccentric exercises for recovery
• Apply mini-dosing in fatigued states for injury prevention
• Strengthen pelvic mobility for energy transfer efficiency.

Assessing sprint technique - does it even matter? with Johan Lahti

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Johan Lahti discusses the complexities of assessing sprint technique in relation to hamstring injury risk. While technology has made sprint assessment more accessible, measuring its impact on injury risk remains challenging, and Johan questions whether it's always worth the effort. However, he emphasizes the importance of focusing on key aspects of technique, such as minimizing time under tension and analyzing movement patterns like overstriding or increased hip flexion, which can lead to hamstring issues.

Johan highlights that sprint assessments should consider the entire movement cycle, as isolated 2D assessments may miss critical factors like pelvic movement. He notes that technique assessments do not always predict performance or injury risk accurately, stressing the need to address both movement patterns and physical strength. Strengthening key muscle groups, especially the glutes and hamstrings, is vital for maintaining sprint technique, particularly under fatigue, which can help reduce injury risk.

He also discusses the rising prevalence of hamstring injuries due to increased high-speed sprinting in professional sports. He advocates for teaching sustainable sprint techniques to young athletes to develop overall athleticism and prevent future injuries. Force-velocity profiling is also mentioned as a valuable tool for identifying athletes' strengths and weaknesses in sprinting.

While assessing sprint technique is valuable, it must be done holistically and integrated with strength training to minimize hamstring injury risk and improve performance.

Main talking points:

• Focus on key aspects of sprint technique
• Minimize time under tension during sprinting
• Analyze entire movement cycle for injury risk
• Address overstriding and increased hip flexion
• Assess sprint technique in a fatigued states
• Teach sustainable sprint techniques to young athletes
• Develop strength and movement variability early
• Train sprint form to reduce hamstring strain
• Incorporate sprint assessments with strength training

Debunking misconceptions about female health and sports performance with Charlie Pedlar

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Professor in Sport and Exercise Science, Charlie Pedlar delves into the importance of understanding the unique physiological responses of female athletes to optimize their health and sports performance. He highlights the progress made in recent years, particularly in recognizing the impact of menstrual cycles and iron deficiency on female athletes.

Charlie explains that menstrual cycles, which were often overlooked in the past, play a crucial role in influencing athletic performance. Tracking these cycles can help athletes anticipate and manage the physiological changes that occur, allowing for more tailored training approaches. He emphasizes that iron deficiency is prevalent among female athletes due to menstrual blood loss and poor iron absorption, significantly affecting endurance and overall performance.

The discussion also covers the challenges of linking individual symptoms to menstrual cycles, as hormonal fluctuations can produce a wide range of effects. Charlie advocates for individualized training plans that consider each athlete's unique cycle, rather than blanket recommendations, to maximize performance and recovery.

He also addresses common misconceptions about female health, such as the oversimplification of training strategies and the potential negative impacts of hormonal contraception. He calls for more research focused on individual variations and the role of nutrition across the menstrual cycle, stressing the need for tailored approaches in both training and health management.

The podcast underscores the critical need to integrate a deeper understanding of female physiology into sports performance strategies to enhance the health and success of female athletes.

Main talking points:

• Track menstrual cycles to optimize training
• Address iron deficiency in female athletes
• Tailor training to individual menstrual cycles
• Recognize menstrual symptoms and adjust accordingly
• Focus on individualized strategies, not blanket recommendations
• Use tracking tools for accurate cycle predictions
• Educate athletes on menstrual cycle impact
• Avoid relying solely on hormonal contraception

Its not all about tech: Developing your coaching eye within a speed-based approach to rehab with Alan Murdoch

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Alan Murdoch discusses the "fast to fit" approach to rehabilitation. Alan advocates for prioritizsng movement assessment over tests, underscoring the value of a strong coaching eye in identifying and addressing underlying issues in athletic movement. This approach allows for more targeted interventions, enhancing the effectiveness of rehabilitation.

The "fast to fit" approach focuses on incorporating high-intensity actions early in rehab, aiming to develop necessary coordination and expedite recovery. This contrasts with traditional methods that emphasize building volume before speed, which can delay the athlete's return to peak performance.

Frameworks like the Compass Protocol and Prep with Purpose are central to this approach, enhancing decision-making and creativity in fast-paced rehab settings. These frameworks prioritize dynamic warmups, visual assessments, and targeted drills to improve hip mobility, function, and overall athletic performance.

Alan's "fast to fit" approach offers a dynamic and effective method for athlete rehabilitation, emphasising speed, coordination, and innovative coaching techniques to ensure athletes return to their pre-injury performance levels quickly and effectively.

If you are interested in the fast to fit online course, check it out here.

Main talking points:

• Prioritize movement assessment over traditional tests
• Develop a strong coaching eye for effective rehab
• Use video analysis to identify movement asymmetries
• Incorporate high-intensity actions early in rehab
• Apply the fast to fit approach for faster recovery
• Use frameworks like Compass Protocol in coaching
• Address compensatory movements during rehabilitation
• Enhance coaching creativity with structured frameworks
• Emphasize purposeful drills for athlete performance

Leading a performance department in a multi club ownership structure with Kasper Thornton

n this podcast, Kasper Thornton, Group Director of Human Performance at Right to Dream, discusses the complexities and strategies involved in leading a performance department across multiple clubs. He emphasizes a "person-first" approach, where selecting candidates based on mindset, values, and team fit is prioritized over mere technical skills. This approach is crucial in developing a cohesive and effective performance department across multiple clubs, each with its unique culture and challenges.

Kasper shares his journey from a physiotherapist to his current leadership role, highlighting the growth of his organization from a small Danish club to a multinational operation with branches in Ghana, Egypt, and San Diego. A significant focus is on building top-notch facilities and developing talent, particularly in the soccer academies associated with these clubs.

He outlines the challenges of recruiting and onboarding personnel across different time zones and cultures, stressing the importance of soft skills and cultural fit in building a successful team. Kasper also discusses the need for an overarching strategy that aligns all clubs within the ownership group, while respecting their individual identities and operational contexts.

The recruitment process is streamlined with the help of recruitment agencies, and a grading system is used to ensure the best candidates are selected. Regular staff meetings and global collaboration are key to maintaining alignment and driving continuous improvement within the department. Overall, the podcast provides valuable insights into the strategic and operational aspects of leading a performance department in a multi-club ownership structure, with a focus on people, culture, and continuous development.

Main talking points:

• Prioritise a person-first approach in recruitment.
• Focus on mindset and values in candidates.
• Align clubs with an overarching performance strategy.
• Adapt recruitment to different cultures and contexts.
• Emphasize soft skills over hard skills.
• Encourage global collaboration across all clubs.
• Plan for internal succession and staff development.

Managing T-junction injuries and location based hamstring rehab with Fearghal Kerin

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Fearghal Kerin, Rehabilitation Physiotherapist, Chelsea Football Club, discusses the growing prevalence of T-junction hamstring injuries and the importance of location-specific rehabilitation strategies.

Fearghal outlines his background, highlighting his PhD focused on hamstring injuries and his work in professional sports, including football and rugby. He emphasizes the evolving role of strength and conditioning coaches in injury rehabilitation and the need for a nuanced approach to managing hamstring injuries based on their anatomical location.

Hamstring injuries are classified into sprint-type and stretch-type, with the T-junction—a confluence of the long and short head of the biceps femoris—being particularly susceptible to injury. This area is complex due to its dual force vectors, dual nerve supply, and bi-articular function, making it challenging to rehabilitate.

Fearghal discusses the necessity of considering biomechanical positions and sport-specific actions when diagnosing and treating hamstring injuries. He highlights that traditional low-level resistance exercises may not effectively prepare athletes, advocating for high-intensity conditioning contractions instead.

He stresses the importance of eliminating MRI signs before returning to play, as unresolved edema and tension can increase the risk of reinjury. Specific tissue loading and exercise selection are crucial, with a focus on exercises that respect the injury’s anatomical structure.

Research indicates that T-junction injuries, though complex, do not necessarily lead to worse outcomes than other hamstring injuries if managed correctly. This podcast concludes with a call for more research and personalized rehabilitation strategies to optimize recovery and prevent recurrence.

Main talking points:

• Implement location-specific rehab for hamstring injuries
• Focus on high-intensity conditioning contractions
• Diagnose hamstring injuries using biomechanical analysis
• Tailor rehab exercises to injury’s anatomical location
• Eliminate MRI signs before return to play
• Use sport-specific actions in rehabilitation plans
• Avoid low-level resistance exercises for preparation
• Address neuromuscular factors in hamstring rehab
• Consider trunk rotation in injury assessments
• Control unanticipated movements during rehab
• Ensure sequential imaging for accurate injury management
• Extend rehab for field sport athletes as needed.

“Activation” exercises: Are they really improving performance or preparing your athletes? with Gerard McMahon

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Gerard McMahon joins us to discuss "activation" exercises and their role in improving performance and preparation. Activation exercises have long been touted for their ability to improve performance by targeting specific muscle groups and maximizing motor unit recruitment. However, Gerard challenges this notion, suggesting that these exercises, often misunderstood and misapplied, may not be as beneficial as many people think.

Gerard explains that muscle activation is fundamentally a function of the neuromuscular system, controlled by motor unit recruitment and firing rates. Activation exercises, while intended to improve performance, often do not significantly enhance muscle activation in healthy athletes. Instead, these exercises may be more appropriate for rehabilitation of severe cases or specific disabilities.

EMG (electromyography) studies, commonly used to measure muscle activation, have limitations due to the complexity of interpreting muscle signals and potential inaccuracies from surface electrodes. As a result, the practical value of EMG-based activation exercises is questioned. Low-level resistance band exercises, such as monster walks and side steps, are criticized for their minimal impact on performance enhancement. These exercises, often used in warm-ups, may not provide the necessary muscle activation levels to prepare athletes effectively for high-intensity activities.

Gerard suggests that high-intensity contractions are a better alternative for post-activation potentiation, which can lead to greater performance improvements. These high-intensity activities, combined with a proper warm-up, are more effective in enhancing neuromuscular readiness and overall athletic performance. In summary, the podcast casts doubt on the traditional use of activation exercises, advocating for high-intensity exercise in the form of PAP as a superior method for athlete preparation and performance enhancement.

Main talking points:

• Reevaluate the effectiveness of activation exercise
• Understand muscle activation via motor unit recruitment
• Use EMG studies cautiously for muscle activation
• Avoid relying on low-level resistance bands
• Question the need for activation in healthy athletes
• Prioritize high-force, high-velocity exercises
• Integrate sport-specific warm-up activities
• Address root causes of muscle inhibition IF there is any

Blood flow restriction and its place in the athlete recovery pyramid

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, John Noonan, Warren Bradley, Vasek Jursík and Lucas Baistrocchi discuss the significance of Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training within the athlete recovery pyramid, highlighting its benefits for improving recovery and performance.

BFR training is emphasized as a crucial recovery method, particularly effective when integrated with other modalities. Practitioners are encouraged to consider individual athlete needs, limitations, and evidence-based practices when choosing recovery methods. BFR is praised for its versatility and ease of integration into existing recovery routines.

The discussion covers how BFR can enhance nutrient intake, glucose uptake, and muscle recovery, making it a valuable addition to recovery strategies. The guests point out that BFR's simplicity and cost-effectiveness contribute to its growing popularity among athletes and coaches.

Positive results from using BFR during workouts and in daily routines are highlighted, with specific examples from team sports, Formula One drivers, and professional rugby coaches. BFR's ability to improve muscle fatigue, neural drive, and overall recovery in various sports is discussed.

Research on BFR shows significant improvements in recovery, performance, and rehabilitation, particularly in higher muscle mass individuals and males. Combining BFR with ice bath therapy further enhances recovery by reducing muscle soreness and fatigue.

BFR's potential benefits extend to improving sleep quality and aiding in recovery for athletes with unpredictable schedules. The podcast also notes the growing adoption of BFR in both elite and amateur sports due to its scientifically backed benefits, safety, and accessibility.

Wanting to know more about blood flow restriction training and its place in the athlete recovery pyramid, give this episode a listen.

Main talking points:

• Integrate BFR into existing recovery routines
• Consider athlete needs for personalized recovery
• Use evidence-based practices in recovery strategies
• Enhance nutrient intake with BFR training
• Combine BFR with ice baths for better results
• Promote BFR for better sleep quality

PowerBI: Streamlining data analysis, visualisation and communication with Rob Delves

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Sports Scientist at the Melbourne Storm rugby league club, Rob Delves discusses the growing use of PowerBI in sports science for data analysis and visualization.

PowerBI is becoming a preferred tool over Excel due to its efficiency in handling larger data sets from multiple sources. Rob emphasizes the importance of upskilling in data analysis and communication within sports science, as resources can be limited. PowerBI provides streamlined data management and visualization capabilities, allowing for more advanced data manipulation than Excel. Its easy access, customization options, and cost-effectiveness make it an attractive alternative.

Rob highlights that PowerBI offers a uniform platform for data access and management, reducing the need for physical report distribution and potential errors. It integrates smoothly with existing Microsoft Office suites and ensures data security through multi-factor authentication. The transition from Excel to PowerBI is facilitated by their similar layouts, making it user-friendly for those familiar with Excel.

The podcast also covers the benefits of PowerBI in saving time through automation, which allows coaches to focus more on coaching rather than data entry. Data from training sessions can be quickly synced into PowerBI, streamlining the analysis process. However, Rob notes the challenges in collecting subjective data from athletes, as it may not always be reliable.

Rob concludes by discussing the integration of APIs for advanced data analysis, the importance of investing in data science skills, and the creative visualization opportunities that PowerBI offers. He suggests that while PowerBI is excellent for data reporting, it may not be the best tool for integrating video analysis.

Main talking points:

• The importance of efficiency in data analysis and communication
• PowerBI and its difference and similarities to Excel
• Increased data security through using a cloud based solution
• How to streamline data processing with PowerBI
• Visualisation options in PowerBI versus Excel
• Increased statistical analysis in PowerBI
• Combining PowerBI and R or Python
• Automation and PowerBI

Groin injuries: How to monitor risk and manage rehabilitation with Enda King, Steve Short and Ed Gannon

In episode #499 of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is joined by guests Enda King, Ed Gannon, and Steve Short to delve into the intricacies of preventing and managing groin injuries. They emphasize the importance of monitoring and managing training loads, particularly during transitions from pre-season to in-season phases. The discussion highlights the need for regular assessments of range of motion, neuromuscular status, and strength, coupled with close communication with athletic training staff and massage therapists.

The conversation covers how groin injuries often stem from asymmetries, stressing the necessity of identifying and managing these imbalances. This includes assessing load, function, and tissue tolerance during rehabilitation, and recognizing that asymmetry can vary by sport and individual.

The guests also address the identification of high-risk players and the early warning signs of groin pain. They discuss strategies for mitigating risk, such as investigating markers like range of motion and hip strength, and implementing conservative training loads and reactivation exercises. Effective rehabilitation involves focusing on hip and trunk control, monitoring activities that provoke injury, and following a structured five-phase strategy for adductor strains.

Furthermore, the podcast touches on the importance of individualized rehabilitation, taking into account each athlete's specific deficits and symptoms. They discuss the utility of various testing and monitoring methods, including unilateral long lever assessments and cutting assessments, to identify and address the root causes of groin injuries.

In summary, the podcast underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach involving regular monitoring, individualized rehabilitation strategies, and effective communication among all stakeholders to effectively prevent and manage groin injuries in ice hockey players.

Main talking points:

• Assess range of motion and strength regularly.
• Identify and manage athlete asymmetries.
• Assess load, function, and tissue tolerance.
• Focus on hip and trunk control.
• Use a five-phase rehab strategy.Individualize rehabilitation for specific deficits.
• Utilize long lever assessments.
• Monitor activities provoking groin injuries.

Vertical and horizontal jumping during ACL return to play with Roula Kotsifaki

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob sits down with Physiotherapist and Head of the Assessment Lab at Aspetar, Roula Kotsifaki to delve into the critical role of technology and specific testing protocols in determining an athlete's readiness to return to play after an ACL injury.

Roula emphasizes the importance of measuring asymmetries, movement quality, and strength to prevent future injuries. Key highlights include the construction of sensitive testing protocols to measure key competencies. Roula discusses the significance of hop tests and jump tests in identifying asymmetries and the role of landing variability in ACL rehabilitation. She highlights the use of 3D force plates and cameras to accurately assess power metrics and joint contributions during vertical and horizontal jumps, which are crucial for evaluating an athlete's readiness.

Roula also details which metrics we should trust and which we shouldn't, and that includes her questioning the use of rate of force development related metrics. Furthermore, Roula stresses that successful return to play after ACL surgery requires comprehensive rehabilitation and shouldn't be determined by a timeline. Just because you are at 9-months post surgery, it doesn't mean that you're ready. Being "ready" should be based on achieving specific competencies.

Listeners can gain insights into the best practices for ACL rehabilitation, the use of technology in assessing readiness, and the critical metrics for ensuring a safe and effective return to play.

Key points:

• Importance of technology in ACL rehabilitation.
• Measure asymmetries to prevent future injuries.
• Choosing sensitive testing protocols.
• Hop tests options.
• 3D force plates assess joint contributions.
• Problems with rate of force development metrics.
• Comprehensive rehab before returning to sport.
• Why the minimum 9 month timeframe for ACL recovery

How to use force plates effectively: An expert roundtable with Phil Graham-Smith, Matt Jordan and Paul Read

On this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to 3 experts when it comes to the research and application of force plates, Phil Graham-Smith, Matt Jordan and Paul Read.

The converation starts off with Phil diving into how we choose a force plate and what are our options to ensure we are choosing the right technology for our needs. Phil highlights the importance of having a clear objective when selecting force plates, as knowing what and why we are testing is crucial for effective usage.

The experts discuss the benefits of using dual force plates for tracking asymmetries in athletes, which is particularly useful in rehabilitation scenarios. This approach not only helps in pinpointing discrepancies but also in enhancing overall performance by ensuring both sides are equally developed.

Listeners will also discover the importance of instantaneous feedback and robust data analysis provided by force plate software. Such features are integral for integrating with other measurement devices and offer real-time insights that can dramatically influence training decisions.

Jump mechanics are another focal point of the discussion, illustrating how jump height, ground contact time, and the duration of eccentric and concentric phases are pivotal metrics for measuring athlete fatigue and performance. Understanding these metrics within a standardized framework helps in effectively interpreting the data and making informed training adjustments.

The podcast also covers practical techniques, such as the hands-on hips method, to ensure consistent and reliable data collection during jump tests. Furthermore, the discussion extends to how force plates can aid in classifying ACL injuries through detailed analysis of jump measures and mechanical variables, providing invaluable support in rehabilitation and training regimes.

Towards the end of the podcast, the conversation shifts to the importance of selecting the most reliable metrics and avoiding those that are less consistent, such as the rate of force development. The experts stress focusing on metrics with a strong biological basis and high repeatability to ensure the data collected is both accurate and useful.

This episode is an indispensable resource for coaches, athletes, and sports scientists eager to leverage advanced technology to enhance athletic performance and prevent injuries.

Main talking points:

• Understand various force plate types for specific needs.
• Clearly define testing objectives for effective force plate use.
• When to and when not to monitor athlete asymmetries.
• Instant feedback, robust data analysis enhance training decisions.
• Measure athlete fatigue and performance with key metrics.
• Standardize data interpretation using a consistent framework.
• Force plates classify ACL injuries through jump analysis.
• Prioritize reliable metrics, avoid inconsistent rate of force development.
• Focus on metrics with strong biological basis, repeatability.
• Adjust training based on individual and sport-specific demands.

Integrating sports science into a college football performance programme with Mitchell Cholewinski

In episode 496 of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is talking to Mitch Cholewinski, Coordinator of Football Sports Science at the University of Nebraska.

Mitch starts off with detailing his unusual route into sports science and explains how he applies process dynamics from chemical engineering to manage and optimize athlete training regimens through flowcharts and decision trees. His work at the Nebraska Athletics Performance Lab focuses on biomechanics and sports science, where he has been instrumental in expanding the sports science department. Mitch emphasizes the importance of educating athletes on data collection and the use of new recovery resources like sauna, red light therapy, and sensory deprivation float tanks, ensuring athletes take an active role in their recovery processes.

The podcast also covers how Mitch collaborates with strength coaches and integrates with the strength staff to enhance recovery and performance using data-driven methods. He utilizes visual aids and quick communication methods to address performance issues in real-time, fostering a proactive approach to athlete management. This episode is a unique insight into sports science provision at a division 1 football programme. Check it out.

Main talking points:

• Integrating engineering principles into sports science
• Expand sports science departments strategically.
• Educate athletes on data collection importance.
• Involve athletes in performance decision-making.
• Ensure athlete ownership of recovery processes.
• Collaborate with strength coaches and specialists.
• Use visual aids for real-time performance feedback.
• Implement new recovery tools during fall camp.
• Foster athlete participation in recovery and training.

Utilising the sprint mechanics assessment score (S-MAS) to try reduce hamstring injuries with Chris Bramah

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Consultant, Physio and Biomechanist at the Manchester Institute of Health and Performance, Chris Bramah.

Delving into the intricacies of running mechanics, Chris explains the crucial connection between specific movement patterns and the risk of hamstring injuries. Through his expertise, listeners gain an understanding of how lumbar-pelvic control, backside mechanics, and overstriding play pivotal roles in athlete health and performance. The conversation further explores the cutting-edge technology of 3D biomechanics assessments, highlighting their application in elite sports environments including Premier League football clubs, to optimize rehabilitation strategies and return-to-play decisions.

Chris then introduces the Sprint Mechanics Assessment Score (S-MAS), a novel, simplified tool he developed—a 12-item score that utilizes basic camera setups to assess movement mechanics effectively during athletes' warm-ups. This tool is designed to enhance the confidence of practitioners in diagnosing and addressing potential issues.

The discussion touches on the future of biomechanical assessments in sports, emphasizing the promising yet still evolving role of artificial intelligence and motion capture technologies. Chris shares his holistic approach to integrating clinical research with practical experience, aiming to create a broader impact on patient outcomes and advance the field of sports medicine.

Main talking points:

• The role of 3D biomechanics in rehab and return-to-play.
• Running mechanics' impact on hamstring injury risks.
• Sprint mechanics Assessment Score (S-MAS)
• Lumbo-pelvic control and overstriding prevention.
• Avoiding S-MAS set up issues
• Use of AI and motion capture in future assessments.
• Integrating clinical research with practical applications.

Calf injury prevention and rehabilitation with Brady Green

In episode #494 of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Senior Lecturer in Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy at the University of Notre Dame, Brady Green for a detailed exploration of calf injuries, particularly their high prevalence and recurrence in elite sports. Brady sheds light on the limited research surrounding the initial risk factors for calf strains, emphasizing the necessity for focused prevention and effective rehabilitation strategies.

The conversation begins with an overview of how prevalent calf injuries are in sports like Australian rules football and track and field, noting the challenges in reducing their incidence despite ongoing efforts. Brady points out that older athletes and those with a history of previous calf strains are particularly susceptible to future injuries. He suggests that targeted prevention through high-load strengthening and isometric exercises can induce structural adaptations that help mitigate these risks.

The podcast delves into the specifics of screening and testing for calf injury prevention and rehabilitation. It highlights the importance of strength testing in both seated and standing positions, the relevance of dorsiflexion, proper alignment, and the use of a metronome to standardize tests for running-based athletes.

Further discussion focuses on the need for dynamic function testing and training, including reactive strength endurance and horizontal force production, to fully understand and cater to the calf’s range of capacities. Brady emphasizes the biomechanical roles of the calf and the necessity of addressing impairments not just in the calf but also in the thigh, hip, and pelvis to prevent overload injuries.

The podcast concludes with strategies for early loading and strengthening of synergist muscles, progressing towards dynamic activities that focus on force and velocity components essential for calf injury rehabilitation. It also covers the critical steps of a thorough process for returning to play, including monitoring strength markers and assessing non-quantifiable factors like recovery and range of motion.

Finally, Brady touches upon an international collaboration project aimed at preventing calf injuries which includes some of the biggest organisations across the world. You can check Brady out at the Sportsmith Rehab Conference on 12-13 October.

Main talking points:

• Calf injuries prevalent, high recurrence in elite sports.
• Older age, previous strains major risk factors.
• High-load strengthening, isometrics mitigate injury risks.
• Screening includes seated, standing strength testing.
• Dorsiflexion, alignment critical in testing protocols.
• Benchmarks: 20-22 calf raises to failure.
• Address biomechanics in thigh, hip, pelvis.
• Early loading, synergist muscle strengthening essential.
• Dynamic function testing for comprehensive rehab.
• Monitor strength, assess non-quantifiable factors for return

Translating knowledge of speed from other sports to soccer with Tom Taylor

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Head of Performance at Rangers FC, Tom Taylor. Tom discusses the integration of speed training principles from various sports into soccer to enhance acceleration, max velocity, movement efficiency, and injury prevention among players.

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Head of Performance at Rangers FC, Tom Taylor. Tom discusses the integration of speed training principles from various sports into soccer to enhance acceleration, max velocity, movement efficiency, and injury prevention among players.

The episode delves into the application of speed training in soccer, revealing how Premier League clubs are engaging experts from other sports to refine their training routines. Tom highlights the importance of a collaborative approach in rehab and recovery, where strength and conditioning coaches, physiotherapists, and other specialists come together to optimize the rehabilitation processes. This synergy not only fills knowledge gaps but also empowers coaching professionals to learn from hands-on experiences and mistakes.

Taylor also discusses the necessity of adapting soccer training to meet the increasing physical demands of the game, focusing on maintaining high intensity and ensuring effective recovery. He stresses the significance of tailoring training and rehabilitation programs to the unique needs and movement patterns of each player, which is crucial for achieving optimal performance and managing injuries effectively.

If you're working in team sports and want to translate knowledge from other environments into your own, check out this episode from Tom.

Main talking points:

• Integrating speed training knowledge from various sports into soccer.
• Enhancing movement.
• Prevention of injuries through well-timed high speed exposures
• Use collaborative approaches in rehab.
• Learn from hands-on experience and mistakes.
• Develop individualized training and rehab programs.
• Address unique player needs and movement patterns.
• The fast to fit approach to rehab

Jump training & the importance of “deep tier” jumps with Matt McInnes Watson

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is talking to Matt McInnes Watson about the critical role of jump training in physical development. Matt, a former high jumper turned coach, shares insights from his extensive experience in both track and field and team sports. He discusses how balancing a full-time job, part-time PhD, and starting a business has led him to develop a systematic approach to training athletes for dynamic movements.

The conversation highlights the significance of differentiating between various jump training modalities and understanding the reflexive components essential for propulsion. Matt emphasizes the importance of "deep tier" jumps as well as the need to not be obsessed with stiffness when coaching plyometrics and jumps.

Additionally, Matt touches on how jump training has been a fundamental element in managing momentum and energy effectively in track and field. His passion and expertise in improving dynamic movement are evident as he explains the distinctions between plyometric and non-plyometric movements, particularly how these affect tendon dynamics and force handling during jumps.

If you want to understand jump training from someone who has dedicated his life and business to this area, check out this episode.

Main talking points:

• The importance of "deep tier" jumps.
• Systematic approach developed for dynamic movement training.
• Importance of managing momentum and energy in training.
• Differentiation between jump training and plyometrics
• Significance of takeoff and landing in jumps.
• Plyometric vs. non-plyometric movements
• Categorising jump training

Integrating speed training into an athletic development programme with Joey Bergles

In thi episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is joined by Joey Bergles, Director of Strength & Conditioning at JJ Pearce High School. In this podcast, Joey shares invaluable insights gained from his experiences in Dallas's public schools, his own business, and online coaching platforms. Joey highlights the importance of an open mindset, the challenge of balancing overpacked sports schedules, and the critical role of specialized coaching in fostering athletic growth.

Joey delves into the mechanics of speed training, discussing the balance between acceleration and maximum velocity, the nuances of warm-up routines, plyometrics, and technical drills, and the imperative of consistent, quality training. He sheds light on the often overlooked yet foundational aspects of athletic development, such as technique refinement, explosive power enhancement, and the cultivation of a dedicated mindset among young athletes.

This podcast is a must-listen for coaches, parents, and young athletes alike, seeking to unlock their potential and navigate the complex landscape of youth sports with grace, effectiveness, and an eye toward the future. Join us as Joey Bergles shares his journey, offering a roadmap to success in athletic development and beyond.

Main talking points:

• Long-term improvement in youth speed training.
• Overcoming overpacked sports schedules.
• Unconventional training's impact on performance.
• Skill development vs. game play emphasis.
• Acceleration and max velocity in training.
• Importance of warm-up, plyometrics, and technical drills.
• Consistent, quality training for progress.
• Balancing expectations with effective training methods.

The EXOS way to develop fast athletes with Brent Callaway, Anthony Hobgood and Nic Hill

This week on the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is speaking to Brent Callaway, Anthony Hobgood and Nic Hill who are all part of EXOS. This podcast dives deep into the essence of sprinting, guiding you through an exclusive look at how EXOS, with its 11 locations worldwide, builds fast athletes.

Brent, Anthony and Nic offer insights into the challenges of translating track skills to football, the intricacies of load management, and the crucial balance of strength conditioning with game preparation.

Volume control, quality over quantity, and a focus on high-frequency leg action are just the tip of the iceberg. Dive into the technical aspects of biomechanics, the significance of individualized programming, and how EXOS leverages sport science to tailor each athlete's training plan. Witness firsthand the remarkable transformation of Xavier Worthy, who shattered the 40-yard dash record, a testament to the effectiveness of EXOS's methodology.

Whether you're an aspiring athlete eager to unlock your speed, a coach looking to refine your methodology, or simply a sports enthusiast fascinated by the science of performance, there's something here for you.

Main talking points:

• NFL combine preparation insights.
• Importance of volume control in training.
• Customizing training for individual needs.
• Biomechanics and physics in speed coaching.
• Success stories: Xavier Worthy's record-breaking sprint.
• Integrating nutrition and physical therapy

#Bitesize - Tackle technique and what American Football can learn from rugby with Andy Ryland

Andy featured on episode #480 of the Pacey Performance Podcast. This #bitesize episode takes a great clip from that episode where he discussed -

• Why tackle technique is important in rugby and American football
• Developing a tackle technique framework
• Evidence of its real-world benefits 

Check out the full episode with Andy here - https://www.sportsmith.co/listen/optimising-tackle-technique-and-building-confidence-in-contact/

This episode is supported by RockDaisy, the only FREE AMS on the market. AMS Lite features reporting capabilities, questionnaires and forms, alerts and communication, data sharing, data visualisation and calendar views.

Reflections from working across the elite football trifecta: Premier League club, league and federation with James Bunce

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is joined by James Bunce, Performance Consultant & Owner, XG Performance. James shares his journey, starting from Southampton, where he climbed up to head of the department from initially starting as an intern in the academy, through his transition to the Premier League to develop a high-performance department, to taking on challenges in the US and Monaco. Reflecting on his experiences, James discusses the excitement and challenges of setting up his consultancy, including working on the 30th MLS franchise in San Diego.

The episode delves into the essence of succeeding in the competitive sports industry, highlighting the need for hustle, differentiation, and continuous learning. It underscores the importance of professionalization and modernization of coaching practices, alongside advocating for a focus on athletic development and player performance pathways. The discussion also covers the challenges of transitioning to consultancy roles, the value of professionalizing football environments, and the need for education and awareness in talent identification and development.

Rather than just being a bio, James dives into the detail of some key areas that he is particularly proud of during his career. He describes what the catalyst was which enabled him to transition from intern to head of department at Southampton FC. Then he answers a lot of questions on why the Premier League close to support certain rules like the necessity for BASES accreditation for its academy staff, while also diving deep into the reasons why growth and maturation monitoring is so key for the development of elite players. His time at Monaco is also an area where James provides some really actionable insights, particularly around data collection and implementing standards.

If you're working in football and are looking for insights into what its really like working at a Premier League club, a league or federation, this episode with James Bunce is for you.

Main talking points:

• The importance of hustle to get and stay in a job in football
• Getting yourself noticed
• Why the Premier League supported BASES accreditation
• The importance of growth and maturation monitoring
• Bio-banding
• Taking a European high performance model to US Soccer
• Working and living in Monaco
• Not being driven by tradition in football

Utilising a data driven approach to rehab with Alan Murdoch, Jason Avedesian and Nick Court

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is joined by Alan Murdoch, Jason Avedesian and Nick Court with topic being all about data driven rehab. This conversation takes a closer look at how integrating precise data collection and analysis into rehab processes can significantly improve outcomes for athletes. By focusing on early ACL rehabilitation strategies to combat swelling, infection, and pain, and blending medical insights with performance data, this episode reveals a path to more personalized and effective recovery.

Learn about the nuanced steps necessary for transitioning athletes from injury back to peak performance, including the crucial distinctions between returning to running and fully engaging in competitive sports. The episode also highlights the role of technologies such as GPS, isokinetic dynomometry and the ForceFrame, in crafting preventative strategies that not only reduce the risk of future injuries but also contribute to the overall enhancement of athlete performance.

This journey through the episode is an exploration of how combining technology, thorough data analysis, and a team-centered approach to rehab can create a more holistic and successful recovery process. It advocates for a balanced blend of science and practical application, aiming to equip athletes with the resilience and strength needed to not just return to their sport, but to excel beyond their previous capabilities.

Join us as we delve into this thought-provoking discussion, offering insights and real-world applications for rehab professionals.

Main talking point:

• Data-guided ACL rehab strategies focusing on swelling, infection, and pain prevention.
• Power variables and isometric testing to tailor rehab stages.
• Merging medical insights with performance data for comprehensive athlete care.
• Deciphering the critical phases from running to full sport participation.
• Harnessing GPS for targeted rehab and injury rate reduction.
• Debunking ACL rehab myths with real-world data application.
• Elevating rehab with a focus on eccentric muscular action and capacity improvement.
• Emphasizing rehab as a collective effort, integrating coaching insights and isometric training.
• Utilizing force plates, GPS, and innovative tools for progress tracking.
• The crucial blend of data, the coach's eye, and athlete feedback for success.

 

 

#Bitesize - Flat foot versus ball of the foot landings in jump training with Eamonn Flanagan

Eamonn featured on episode #484 of the Pacey Performance Podcast. This #bitesize episode takes a great clip from that episode where he discussed -

• The lack of research in understanding the impact of a flat foot vs ball of the foot landing
• When Eamonn advises on using each one
• How each option effects intensity

Check out the full episode with Eamonn here - https://www.sportsmith.co/listen/how-to-coach-and-programme-true-plyometrics/

This episode is supported by RockDaisy, the only FREE AMS on the market. AMS Lite features reporting capabilities, questionnaires and forms, alerts and communication, data sharing, data visualisation and calendar views.

How to prepare players for the NFL with TedRath

In this episode #487 of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Ted Rath, Vice President of Player Performance for the Philadelphia Eagles, shares invaluable insights from his extensive career in the NFL. Rath explores the critical aspects of athletic performance in American football, emphasizing the importance of precision training tailored to individual needs and positions. With a background as a strength and conditioning coach and a former college football player, he highlights the philosophy behind player development, focusing on building power, resilience, and efficiency through carefully designed training programs.

Ted delves into offseason preparation strategies, including isometrics and eccentric work, to prevent injuries and enhance performance. He also discusses the significance of analyzing athletes' movement patterns and injury histories to optimize their performance and durability. Rath touches on the adaptation of training regimens to meet the specific requirements of different player positions and the use of technology, like RFID tracking, to align training intensity with game demands.

This episode offers a deep dive into Ted's holistic approach to athlete development, combining science and empathy in leadership.

Give it a listen!

Main talking points:

• Offseason training
• Pre-season training
• Individualising training based on position and movement pattern
• On-field tracking
• How to use isometrics to prepare players for dynamic work
• Individualising plyometrics for big guys

Learnings from building a performance department from scratch with Adam Parr

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob sits down with Adam Parr, Head of Performance at Charlotte FC in Major League Soccer. Adam shares his journey through the challenges of staff changes, establishing a successful performance culture from the ground up and integrating video with technical and tactical information.

The conversation delves into Adam's transition from individual sports to team sports, emphasizing the creation of a cohesive culture among staff and players. Adam discusses the crucial steps of educating players on the importance of physical preparation, gaining buy-in from coaches, and the strategic implementation of advanced technology to enhance player performance and department success.

Listeners will get an inside look at the intricacies of developing a performance department, from hiring experienced coaches to tailoring training interventions and creating a curriculum that addresses the needs of players across different age groups. Adam also highlights the integration of wearable technology and video analysis as game-changers in making informed coaching decisions and fostering collaboration within the team.

Tune in to discover how Adam Parr is shaping the future of soccer performance at Charlotte FC, setting new standards for success in sports organizations, and the lessons learned along the way that can apply to any team looking to build a winning performance culture.

Main talking points:

• Building an MLS performance department
• Transitioned from individual sports to team sports
• Educated players and gaining coach buy-in
• Developing physical development pathway for players
• Integrating video and GPS data
• Redefining warm ups for soccer

How to profile performance staff. What does “success” look like for different roles with Martin Buchheit

In episode #485 of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob chats to High Performance Consultant, Martin Buchheit, to explore the critical aspect of evaluating performance staff within sports organizations. How success is measured among performance staff is often a topic of discussion and too often reduction in injuries or win:loss records are the best we can come up with.

We are expertsd in profiling our athletes, assessing their strengths and weaknesses before creating physical development plans for them. So why isn't that done with performance staff? Why aren't we judging performance staff on criteria that is highly relevant to individual roles? Martin explains that this is very much a cultural thing and due to the rapid rise in the number of performance staff, things haven't caught up with the corporate world yet.

So how can this be improved? How can managers start to put things in place for this to happen? Martin gives some recommendations for those at the top, but also those towards the bottom of the hierachy.

This episode offers actionable insights on enhancing objectivity in staff evaluations and fostering an environment that champions growth, adaptation, and excellence.

Main talking points:

• Why the current way to evaluate performance staff is flawed
• Why results and win:loss record is a poor way to evaluate performance staff
• How the corporate world does it
• Challenges to implement it in sport
• What can managers do to improve practice
• What can regular practitioners do to start the process

How to coach and programme “true” plyometrics with Eamonn Flanagan

In episode #484 of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is joined by Eamonn Flanagan to dissect the intricacies of "true" plyometrics and their pivotal role in sports performance and rehabilitation.

Eamonn shares his journey into the world of plyometrics, sparked by undergraduate curiosity and further fueled by a colleague's PhD research. The discussion navigates the critical aspects of preparing athletes for plyometric training, underscoring the necessity of a solid foundation in strength.

Highlighting plyometric training's categorization based on intensity and athlete ability, Eamonn details the progression from lower to higher intensity exercises. The conversation also covers coaching strategies for effective plyometric training, including considerations for intent, surface, and intensity, and the importance of tailoring plyometric exercises to individual athlete needs and sport-specific demands.

Listeners will gain invaluable insights into implementing plyometric training safely and effectively, ensuring athletes not only enhance their performance but also minimize injury risks. Whether you're a coach, athlete, or sports science enthusiast, this episode offers a thorough exploration of plyometric training's principles and practical applications.

Main talking points:

• Categorizing plyometrics
• Importance of preparing athletes for plyometric training
• Progression from lower to higher intensity exercises
• Coaching strategies for effective plyometric training
• Forefoot vs flat foot landings
• Tailoring plyometric training to athlete's progression phase

Isometrics for performance enhancement and rehabilitation with Connor Schoepp

In episode 483 of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob speakers to Director of Applied Sports Performance at Liberty University, Connor Schoepp. With a focus on the critical role of isometrics in enhancing athletic performance and aiding rehabilitation, Connor shares his extensive experience and insights gained over nine years in the collegiate professional level.

Delving into why isometrics have become a cornerstone in programming for high-speed sports, Connor outlines how these exercises improve motor learning, control, and can be specifically targeted to benefit athletes during their training and return to play phases. He emphasizes isometrics' versatility in providing high stimulus at a low cost, making it an indispensable tool for strength coaches aiming to develop athletes without interfering with their sport.

The conversation also tackles the logistical challenges of implementing isometric training within the constraints of collegiate athletics, showcasing practical solutions for integrating these exercises into training regimens. Connor highlights the importance of addressing the "big rocks" of hip, knee, and ankle performance and rehab, and how dynamic work and movement prep can be synergistically combined with isometrics to mimic on-field movement patterns.

Connor discusses his approach to hamstring rehab, highlighting the importance of isometrics in developing strength without exacerbating injury. By integrating dynamic work and movement prep with isometric exercises, he showcases how to effectively mimic on-field movement patterns and support the healing process.

If you're interested in learning more about isometric strength training and hamstring injury rehab, this episode is for you.

Main talking points:

• Isometrics' benefits for motor learning
• Logistical challenges of implementing isometric training
• Why some people still don't believe in the power of isometrics
• Utilizing isometrics for effective hamstring rehabilitation
• How to rehab a hamstring injury

How to assess and rehab hip and groin injuries with Steve Short

In this episode of the Pacey Performance Podcast, Rob is joined by Steve Short, the VP of Sports Medicine at the Denver Nuggets. With a wealth of experience in sports medicine, Steve delves into the complex world of assessing and rehabilitating hip and groin injuries in athletes.

Steve begins by sharing his journey in sports medicine and the challenges he's faced, particularly in dealing with hip and groin injuries common in court-based sports like basketball. He emphasizes the importance of understanding the morphological and functional changes that occur in athletes and how these contribute to injury risks.

The discussion then explores the differences in susceptibility to hip and groin injuries between males and females, with Steve providing insights into the nuances of diagnosis and rehabilitation for positive long-term outcomes. He stresses the importance of a thorough assessment process, including understanding pain referral patterns and considering anatomical and training statuses.

Steve highlights the individualized approach needed in treating such injuries, focusing on a conservative treatment plan and the importance of continuous communication and monitoring. He shares valuable strategies on how to handle these injuries, from the initial examination to the final stages of rehabilitation, ensuring athletes return to their peak performance safely.

The episode also covers practical aspects of rehabilitation, such as the use of reliable measures and tools like handheld dynamometers for regular assessment, and the importance of understanding muscle balance and force generation.

Steve concludes by emphasizing the need for a holistic understanding of the athlete's needs, incorporating rest and various modalities into the rehab process, and maintaining objective measures and strength exercises. He advocates for a focus on what athletes can do, rather than what they can't, to facilitate effective recovery.

Main talking points:

• Challenges in diagnosing hip and groin pain

• Groin strength assessments

• A groin injury case study

• Surgical vs non-surgical routes

• Using reliable tools for injury assessment